Waiving Justice for Corrupt Technology – Interchanging Impunity for Biological Weapons Technology.
Other members of ‘Unit 731’ were spared from appearing before The War Crime Trials, through the intervention by General Douglas MacArthur, autocratic commander for the Allies; in occupied Japan (1945-1951). The U.S., was aware of Japan’s activities in developing weapons for biological warfare, [viz., Anthrax (malignant pustule) which is a disease caused by the bacterium ‘Bacillus anthracis’ which affects humans in two ways, either through the subcutaneous tissue, or through inhalation, of the spores of the bacterium, into the pulmonary system.]. From the 7 July 1937 to 9 September 1945 the U.S., and U.K., developed their own biological weapons with anthrax; and Canada developed theirs in 1941 (q.v.). The other biological agent which the U.S., were interested in was ‘Botulism’ (clostridium botulinum) [a pathogenic bacterium which produces an endotoxin in the digestive tract. This toxin has, on rare occasions, be known to enter the body through wounds. Two thirds q.l., of cases are fatal]. General MacArthur, assisted by his intelligence team, Dr. Norbert Fell, and Lt., Colonel Arvo Thompson, of the ‘Supreme Commander Allied Powers’ (S.C.A.P.), to clandestinely negotiate an impunity arrangement, with former principal directors of the Unit, including: Kajitsuka Ryuji, Takahashi Takaatsu, Kawashima Kiyoshi, and Karasawa Tomio, et al. The immunity bargain included supplying the U.S., with biological weapon data, and notes, from the ‘Anthrax’ and ‘Botulism’ programmes (developed by Lt., General Shiro Ishii); in lieu of not being served with indictments to appear before the Military Tribunals. At the behest of MacArthur, the Japanese Emperor Hirohito and Prince Asaka were not prosecuted for any alleged involvement in any of the three categories of crimes. Kishi Nobusuke, who was held as a suspected ‘Class A’ criminal but never tried, later became Prime Minister. Emperor Hirohito was the only head of state, among the Axis Powers to have escaped The War Crime Trials, remain alive, and on the throne of State, in the aftermath of World War II.
Harry S. Truman and The Hague Convention 1907.
“The buck stops here”.
Sign on Truman’s desk.
In the case of ‘Shimoda vs. Japan’ (1983), the court ruled that the U.S.’s ‘bombardment’ of the ‘civilian population’, at Hiroshima (6 August, 1945), and Nagasaki (9 August, 1945), were in breach of the Hague Conventions of 1907. Harry S. Truman (1884-1972), the 33rd President of the U.S. (1945-53), was head of state, and by virtue of Article II, sec. 2, ls. 409-11 of ‘The Constitution of The United States of America’ (17 September, 1787), which states, in part: “The President shall be Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy of the United States… “, and in this capacity, he was ultimately responsible for breaching the Hague Conventions (1907).
“When the President does it, that means that it is not illegal”.
Richard Milhouse Nixon, I gave them a Sword (1978).
Quite clearly, the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki – unlike the U.S’s. naval base at Pearl Harbour, Oahu Island, Hawaii – were not military targets, yet Truman wittingly bombarded these cities. At Hiroshima, there were between, 70,000 and 80,000 innocent civilians killed, and at Nagasaki there between: 35,000 and 40,000 killed, totalling a medial estimate of between 105,000 and 120,000 people killed in these cities. Truman authorized these two bombings, yet was not included among the twenty-two defendants appearing at the Trials of War Criminals before the ‘Nüremberg Military Tribunals (N.M.T.)’ 1945-46, or the twenty-five defendants at the ‘International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)’ 1946 – 49 (v.g.,) Hermann Göring, Tōjō Hideki, et al.
“If Japan is judged, the Allies should also be judged equally”.
Radhabinod Pal, Indian justice at the IMTFE.
These are the decisive points at issue of which, I believe, the U.S. remains a non-signatory, in defiance against any obligations or liabilities towards the international treaties. This has developed into a climate of increasing exasperation with the U.S., over its contemptuous behaviour towards the various international organizations. I believe that any head of a nation state, and their accomplices, ought to be accountable to the laws of the international agreements and treaties, particularly the Rome statute (1998). Perpetrators of these crimes, notwithstanding, their military superiority, self-serving political ideologies, and global dominance in staging proxy wars [e.g., Vietnam, Korea, Afghãnistãn, Middle East and Latin America]; are in my opinion ‘war criminals’; hostes humani generis. For this reason, the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, voted for the cancellation of the U.S membership, in 2000, the first occurrence, involving the U.S., in the Commission’s fifty-three year history. The U.S. is, quite clearly, enforcing its national self-serving political interests above international law, to retain its hegemonic status, middle eastern (et alibi.) expansionary policies and continuation of its protracted history of invasions, and aggressive military campaigns into other sovereign nation states, in violation of international law.